Mobile Commerce App Development- All You Need To Know About

 

Since a few years, online purchasing and transactions have drastically increased. Now, most of the transactions that we do are digital and in this COVID era, mobile commerce apps have become a necessity giving rise to the age of M-commerce and M-commerce applications. M-commerce is a broad term that describes the purchasing and selling of goods or services through the use of mobile devices. Mobile commerce is a trend that will not slow down any time soon. As we all know the number of smartphone users  around the world grows, and so online buying and selling will grow as well. If you’re thinking of building an mobile commerce app, then this blog is for you. Here we’ll see all the details of m-commerce app features and trends. But before digging into the m-commerce features, let’s see Type of mobile commerce app.

Types Of Mobile Commerce Apps-

1. Mobile Banking-

Mobile Banking

Most of you might be familiar with mobile banking applications or the ability to conduct bank transactions through bank websites from your mobile device. Mobile banking still has room to grow. 

2. Mobile Shopping-

Mobile Shopping

Websites that offer the ability to make purchases on the desktop have also upgraded that function for m-commerce as well. Mobile shopping is not limited to web browsers though – it’s also found in apps particularly designed for m-commerce shopping.

3. Mobile Payments-

Bill payments with the help of various applications come at mobile payments. Popular mobile payment applications are- Google Pay, Apple Pay, Samsung Pay, Paypal etc.

Important Mobile Commerce App Features For 2021-

1. User Profile-

User profiles are personal accounts of users who can log in and get personalized notifications, updates or offers. When a customer sign-ins for the first time, his information is stored like name, billing address, payment mode and details, shipping address, phone number, email address. So every time the customer shops, he/she has to click on the buy option and all information is automatically filled which saves his time and energy.

2. Push Notifications-

Push notifications can be explained as sheer marketing strategies. It will be a profit for the company, if the appropriate message is sent to the user. More than 60% of people find notifications useful. With this, a mobile commerce app connects with the customer through notifications. You can send notifications like discounts, sales, and new products. Percentage of information that is transferred through push notifications are- Geo-targeted information- 26%, promotions- 34%, New developments- 26%, other- 14%.

3. Location Tracking-

As the name suggests, location tracking understands the location of the user. And the device can send notifications according to the location. For instance, suggesting the best restaurant in a specific area is possible because of the location tracking feature. Or the mobile shopping application can offer their nearest outlet as per the user’s location. Useful notifications can also be sent with the use of geofencing technology.

4. Product Searching-

Important part of any purchase is searching for the right product that appeals to the customer. There can be thousands of products available in the app or may have a limited edition, but the customer should find the appropriate product he is looking for. Best way to do this is by sending notifications according to the past searches and buying history. There should be provision of adding a filter bar while the purchase is being made- filer about style, color, size etc. Today’s leading apps like Amazon, Walmart etc. have highly efficient features to fulfill customers’ desires. 

5. Deals And Offers-

With this feature, users get personalized notifications about offers and deals that have been curated only for them. 65% Of users like these customized offers and discounts. It improves the overall product sale and image of the company.

know more at- https://solaceinfotech.com/blog/mobile-commerce-app-development-all-you-need-to-know-about/

 

Top 11 Flutter Widgets To Know In 2021

These days, flutter is one of the most popular framework for developing mobile, web and desktop applications. It is full of widgets and it makes it more sustainable. Flutter widgets are used for developing high-quality cross platform applications because they are customizable and offer extensive flexibility & fluidity that can be the best fit for any mobile app type. Widget elements are organized in the form of a widget tree. The manner in which the widgets are placed defines the operation of the front-end of the native applications screen. The two primary things of Flutter widgets are the configuration and the widget state. There are lots of Flutter widgets available and here we’ll discuss the top 11 widgets for developing flutter apps. Before digging into the flutter widget list, let us see the  types of flutter widgets.

You can also know- Amazing New Features Of Flutter 2.0

Types Of Flutter Widgets-

There are two types of Widgets in Flutter- Stateless widget and Stateful widget. Based on the two types, these widgets are further categorized into 14 different categories as- Async, Accessibility, Assets, Images and Icons, Layout, Interaction Models, Material components, Animation and motion, Painting and effects, styling, text.

Top 11 Flutter Widgets-

1. SafeArea-

Safe Area

This widget is best to use for developing dynamic and adaptive UI. It helps to adjust the screen with various devices of different width and height. Also, it helps in overcoming the area constraints induced by status bar, notches, navigation bar etc. It’s implementation doesn’t allow the design to overlay any of the areas where there is frontend UI visibility constraint and so makes it error-free. Hence SafeArea widget is also known as padding widget that adds padding to android or iOS apps wherever there is a constraint. SafeArea widget will also indent the child with the necessary padding necessity, particularly for the devices with the Notch like iPhone X.

2. ConstrainedBox-

It is a built-in widget available in Flutter SDK. Generally it is used to add size limitations to the child widgets. It allows developers to add flexibility with respect to height and width in a child widget. But the widget has limitation when the child is bigger in size than the container. It cuts the child’s view, making the front end look somewhat out of the line. This issue can be tackled by not defining the maxHeight property and adjusting it to by default value of double.infinity. Example of this widget is- 

if you wanted child to have a minimum height of 50.0 logical pixels, you could use const BoxConstraints(minHeight: 50.0) as the constraints.

3. Align Widget-

You should organize components inside the UI. Flutter can compose these widgets together. But how do we position a child under a parent widget? We can use the Align widget. For instance, how we choose the position of the text inside a container. Following code shows you the result.

child: Container(
 height: 120.0,
 width: 120.0,
 color: Colors.blue[50],
 child: Align(
   alignment: Alignment.center,
   child: Text(
     "Geno Tech",
     style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20, fontWeight: FontWeight.bold),
   ),
 ),
)

4. Layout Builder-

This widget is used to determine the size of the widget and how it depends on the parent widgets(height and width properties). Its builder function contains parameters to build the context and the incoming box constraints. Within methods, we check the constraints and get a decision. The syntax is-

LayoutBuilder(
 builder: (BuildContext context, BoxConstraints constraints) {
   return Widget();
 }
)

5. FittedBox-

It is a responsive Flutter widget that helps to induce responsiveness into the single child assigned to it. You have to add a Row widget as a child in this FittedBox widgets. Row widget has two containers as its children. In this case, the second child will overflow to one side but, this issue is solved with the FittedBox widget. 

FittedBox widget is used to scale and position the child widget inside the parent widget. UI developed with this widget is claen, and dynamic. One can use the FittedBox class and enter a child widget while using the FittedBox widget.

6. StreamBuilder-

know more at- https://solaceinfotech.com/blog/top-11-flutter-widgets-to-know-in-2021/

Dart Vs JavaScript- A Comparison That You Must Know

 

Javascript gained popularity when it came in the world of cross platform mobile app development and server-side development. Node.js framework can be used for both frontend and backend development, so it became more popular among web developers. With the use of React native by facebook, mobile app developers also started to shift towards Javascript. So javascript is holding the position of most popular programming language. Google created the Flutter framework for cross-platform mobile application development. Flutter framework uses Dart programming language. Most of you might have a question of what’s the difference between dart and javascript. How do they differ? To know the answer to all this, let us see the comparison of Dart vs javascript.

What Is Dart?

Dart is a programming language used by Flutter framework. It was initially used at Google to build server, web and mobile applications. Dart compiles the source code like javascript. It gained more attention in 2017 when google announced Flutter beta for cross platform mobile app development. These days developers are eager to adopt Flutter, but they nee dto learn Dart to get started.

Advantages Of Dart-

• Dart is open-source
• It is supported by Google and runs seamlessly on Google Cloud platform
• Faster than Javascript
• It is type-safe and compiled with both AOT and JIT compilers
• Dart is scalable across projects
• Extensively used for flutter mobile UI framework

What Is Javascript?

Javascript is a language for rendering web pages along with HTML and CSS technologies. Later on, javascript extended its arm to server-side and mobile app development. Javascript is a mature, stable programming language and supports both OOPS and functional programming style. Because of the dynamic nature, it doesn’t need compilation of code at client side. Javascript jas its own package managers such as NPM. Javascript became the most preferred and popular programming language since facebook launched the React and React native frameworks for web and mobile app development.

Advantages Of JavaScript-

• Javascript is fast, flexible and light-weight
• It can be used for web apps and mobile apps.
• Javascript can be used for both frontend and backend
• Has huge community and great frameworks available online 

Dart Vs JavaScript- A Comparison

1. Popularity-

Dart is a new language. It has got a huge attention among mobile developers as an alternative to React native. Popular companies like Google, Alibaba are using Flutter.

Right now, javascript is everywhere and many companies are using javascript frameworks for developing mobile and web applications. It can be used for server-side applications and backends so most of the developers are learning javascript as a language. 

2. Learning Curve-

Learning Dart can be overwhelming for beginners as there are limited courses available online for Dart programming language. Google has documentation of Dart on its official website that helps programmers to learn Dart concepts easily. 

Knowledge of basic programming concepts helps you to learn the Javascript. As it is an old programming language, there are lots of online courses and tutorials through which developers can learn Javascript. 

3. Frontend Vs Backend-

Now, Dart is actively used with Flutter for developing the frontend of cross-platform mobile applications. It can be used for web development, but there is no mention of Dart being used for backend development.

Previously javascript was used for frontend web development with CSS and HTML. But with the rise of Node.js framework, now Javascript is used for server-side and backend development also.

4. Commercial Use-

Dart was developed and used by Google. Apart from Google there are some big companies like Alibaba that also adopted Flutter and Dart for developing cross-platform mobile apps. 

Javascript is used by big companies for developing both web and cross-platform mobile applications. Lots of popular companies like Reddit, instagram, eBay, Slack, Airbnb are using Javascript.

Know more at- https://solaceinfotech.com/blog/dart-vs-javascript-a-comparison-that-you-must-know/

All You Need To Know About App Development For Foldable Smartphones

 

There were 3.2 billion smartphone users in 2019 and the number is continuously growing. Every year mobile devices come with new technology and so it becomes challenging for developers to develop an app which can seamlessly work with new technologies. One such technology is foldable mobile devices. Foldable smartphones are quite different from conventional smartphones, particularly with large screens, the app transition from cover screen to full-screen needs to be flawless. Developing an app for foldable devices is not easy. You need to deal with each detail, similar to whether the particular smartphone device has a single screen that unfolds or two different screens. While developing an application for foldable smartphones, you have to check for any hardware limitations. It is a challenge to design a perfect innovative UI that expands user productivity but then falls within the foldable smartphone application development cost.

Foldable app should work with multi-window mode and various form factors. Here we came with the some considerations that you need to consider while making an app for a foldable smartphone.

Factors To Consider When Developing Apps For Foldable Smartphones-

1. Make It Resizable-

When an app runs on a foldable smartphone, it should transition from an screen state to another automatically and seamlessly. App must always resume in the same location and state. For this, you have to develop a resizable app through dynamic resizing. The easiest way to do so is by using the code “resizeableActivity=true”. It offers the most extreme compatibility with whatever conditions and factors your application encounters. This helps the system in assuming that your app supports multi-window and resizable screens. The code helps an app being compatible with screen variations. It includes foldable phones, freeform windows and desktop screens.

2. Two State App Screens-

There are two ways that you can use some foldable phones- with folded screens and unfolded screens. It will affect the app functionality. So you need to consider which features you wish to reflect on which screen. For example- the unfolded screens of foldable phones that give you more space to work with. You can use it for an experience improvement. In this case, it is better to allow users to navigate with multiple fingers similarly instead of one. It is essential that you create an application that works ideally for both screens.

3. Screen Ratio Adjustments-

Foldable device app development revolves around screen and its various aspects. Mostly, foldable devices have short and bulky screens or long and thin screens. So while building a mobile app for foldable smartphones, you should ensure that screen concurs with varying screen sizes. You can implement minAspectRation and maxAspectRatio to check the screen’s compatibility with device.

4. Multi-Window Mode-

It is more annoying when one app pauses by opening another. And this what multi-window mode help in combatting. Foldable technology allows three or more apps to run at the same time. Also, the technology allows them to share content with each other. In case of Android 9 what used to happen was that only the application in focus used to be the resumed state and other activities were paused.

In Android 10, activities remained in resumed state even when in the multi-window mode. It is called as multi-resume. Add the following manifest meta-data to support this function within your app:

<meta-data android:name=“android.allow_multiple_resumed_activities” android:value=“true” />

5. Supporting Multiple Screens Simultaneously-

Foldable phones need one screen support at a time, there is no guarantee that the future will be the same. Truth be told, many think soon; application developers should represent various screens at the same time. Handling with such a change will not be hard for application developers, despite the fact that it may now appear to be overwhelming. The reason behind this is the configuration required for multiple screens is like projected screens via Chrome OS. Android 10 and its latter versions support simultaneous activities on secondary and primary displays. Also, in case of secondary display, multiple screen and multi-resume functionality will apply.

While creating an app for foldable phone, you have to decide which of the two-screen you want as a primary screen. For the window resize, configuration change, and context update that should occur when an activity moves to a secondary display. You should specify same to your users.

6. Quality Focus-

There is a wide variety of smartphones, and each company is coming up with its own type of foldable phone. App developers should ensure that functionality of their apps work seamlessly instead of the type of foldable it is operated on. It is suggested that, figure out how many devices your app must be supported on. Research and analyse their ratio, resolutions and then develop an app by considering all this. It is difficult to ensure functionality because of the availability of lots of types of foldable phones. Do not release the application in the hassle. Check for quality and then release the application. Users prefer the bug-free, high-performing application that doesn’t spoil their app’s browsing experience.

Know more at- https://solaceinfotech.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-app-development-for-foldable-smartphones/

 

How To Secure Your Android App?

In this digital world, people use mobile apps for a wide range of purposes,  from transfer of funds to investments, order food and groceries online etc. Security of mobile applications is one of the most prominent concerns. According to the study, 35% of communications over mobile phones are unencrypted. This shows that more than one third of data transmitted by mobile devices is exposed to threat.

The Android operating system has many built-in security features like application sandboxing, protection against buffer and integer overflow attacks and segregated memory areas for program instructions and data. When you develop a complex app, it is your responsibility to make it secure and protect the privacy of your users. Organizations should protect their apps while enjoying the benefits that these apps provide. Here we discuss the android app security best practices to refer while building your mobile applications.

You should also know the considerations to build mobile app at- 7 Important considerations when building a mobile app

Android App Security Best Practices-

1. Keep the native code secure-

So as to keep the native code secure, android app developers should use android SDK for mobile app development, instead of Android NDK. Whenever you collaborate with one of the developers, ensure that experts use Android SDK. When the native code is integrated during the development process, app receives data over the network. This can come from files or an IPC, that might be exposed to security factors. Hence you should secure the native code by using Android SDK during the development process.

2. Use HTTPS-

All communication between your app and servers must be over HTTPS connection, mostly using the HttpsURLConnection class. Many android users connect to several open Wi-Fi hotspots in public areas every day. Some of those hotspots could be malicious and malicious hotspot can easily change the contents of HTTP traffic to make your app behave in an unexpected manner or worse still, inject ads or exploits into it. 

Using HTTPS, as long as the server is configured with a certificate given by a trusted certificate authority, like DigiCert or GlobalSign, you can be certain that your network traffic is secure against attacks. If app has huge networking code and you are anxious about the possibility that you may accidentally be sending some data as cleartext, you should consider using nogotofail, an open source tool built by Google to find such mistakes.

3. Secure The Data-in-transit-

Sensitive data that is transmitted from client to server should be protected against privacy leaks and data theft. If you lose a device, or it gets stolen, the whole application containing business data should be deleted. This ensures that important data does not go to the wrong hands. Selective removal of data enables the IT department or users to wipe off the company data in devices. It is recommended that use either an SSL or VPN tunnel, which ensures that user data is protected with strict security measures.

4. Encrypt Data On External Storage-

Internal storage capacity of android devices is generally limited. So, you you may have no option except to store sensitive data on external storage  media, like, a removable SD card. As the data on external storage media can be directly accessed by both users and other apps on device, it is important to store it in an encrypted format. Most popular encryption algorithms among developers is AES(Advanced Encryption Standard), with a key size of 256 bits. Writing a code to encrypt and decrypt your app’s data using package javax.crypto that is included in Android SDK can be confusing. So mostly developers prefer use of third-party libraries like Facebook’s Conceal library, that are usually easy to work with. 

5. Use GCM Instead Of SMS-

A while ago when GCM(Google Cloud Messaging), didn’t exist, many developers were using SMS to push data from their servers to their applications. But now, this practice is largely gone. If you still doesn’t switch from SMS to GCM, you must know that SMS protocol is neither encrypted nor safe against spoofing attacks. Also, SMS can be read by any app on the user’s device that has the READ_SMS permission. GCM is more safe and is best way to push messages to an app because all GCM communications are encrypted. They are authenticated using consistently refreshed registration tokens on the client side and a unique API key on the server side. 

6. Be Extra Cautious With Libraries-

When you use third-party libraries, be careful and test code thoroughly before using it in your app. However valuable as they are, some libraries can be extremely insecure for your application. The GNU C Library, for example, had a security flaw that could allow attackers to remotely execute malicious code and crash a system. And, this vulnerability went unseen for more than seven years. Developers should use controlled internal repositories and exercise policy controls during acquisition to protect their apps from vulnerabilities in libraries.

7. Use Authorized APIs Only-

APIs that are not authorized and are loosely coded can grant a hacker privilege that can be misused gravely. For instance, getting authorization information locally helps programmers to easily reuse that information when making API calls. It eases programmers life by simplifying the use of APIs. Also it gives hackers a loophole through which they can hijack privileges. Specialists suggest that APIs be authorized centrally for more security.

8. Code Obfuscation-

In the android app development process, source code should be protected. So developers should make it unintelligible for both decompilers and humans. During compilation, the entire operation must be preserved. Obfuscation process gives a code that is impenetrable. It uses the level of confidentiality for the intellectual assets and prevents reverse engineering. All the while, it improves the security of the Android application.

9. Secure The Server-

These days, server remains vulnerable to hackers. Mostly they try to attack the API of the server. This shows that you have to keep the server and API secure to keep away attacks. You can add a firewall for web apps or take code reviews that will help you to deal with this challenge.

10. Validate User Input-

With android, invalid user input doesn’t generally makes security issues like buffer overruns. But, if you allow users to interact with SQLite database or a content provider internally uses a SQLite database, you should rigorously sanitize user input or use parameterized queries. It you failed to do so makes your data vulnerable to SQL injection attacks. Similarly, sanitization and user input validation is also important, when you’re using user input to dynamically generate code to run on an embedded scripting engine.

11. Security And Confidentiality-

As a part of the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), the encryption key should be of at least 128 bits. Reputed application developers use the pinning certificate and the hash key to support the security. It incorporates the returning of the complete request, that appears as a hashed string with a secret key. This string is compared by the server with request that it gets, verifying any modification or change in the process.

Some Other Security Measures-

Most of the security issues are due to issues during the development and configuration of android apps. For this, 

• Integrate security teams upstream, do a risk analysis and set up mobile security management approach on the project.
• Identify the essentials concerning personal data protection
• Identify relevant security standards and regulations
• Analyse and monitor deployments of antivirus and firewalls on the phone that control illegal installation of code on device.
• Use architecture standards of QWASP
• For critical apps in sensitive locations, consider deploying a biometric authentication
• Perform regular code reviews and in-depth audits
• Customize factory default settings

Wrap Up-

Security of applications plays an important role in the app success, so knowing the above tips to secure the android app will help you to develop a secured app. There can be some other security measures too. If you are thinking of developing a secured android app, consult with solace experts. We are here to help you through consultation and development. You can hire android developers of the Solace team on a flexible basis for app development according to your business requirements. Connect with Solace and get a free quote for android app development. We will be happy to help you. 

React Best Practices To Follow In 2021

 

React is a well known open-source JavaScript library that is used to create unique and innovative applications. It was created by Facebook and allows integration with many exciting components, libraries and frameworks. Also, developers can make their own components. Developing an app with React is not as simple as it looks. Knowing the react best practices will help you to develop an effective app within less time. Still, if you are not aware of the react best practices, then this blog is for you. Let us see the React best practices.

Know the reasons to use React for app development at- Why you should build your app with react native?

React Best Practices To Follow In 2021-

1. Project Structure-

1.1 Folder layout-

Architecture mainly focuses on reusable components of react developer architecture so as to share the design pattern among multiple internal projects. So the component-centric file structure should be used that means all the files related to a different component (Javascript, assets, CSS etc.) should be kept under a single folder. 

Components
	|
	--Login
		|
		--tests--
		--Login.test.js
		--Login.jsx
		--Login.scss
		--LoginAPI.js

This one is another approach used in grouping the file types. In this, the same type of files is kept under one folder. Here, same type of files is kept under one folder. For instance,

APIs
  |	
  --LoginAPI
  --ProfileAPI
  --UserAPI

Components
  |	 
  --Login.jsx
  --Login.test.js
  --Profile.jsx
  --Profile.test.js
  --User.jsx

Above structure is the basic example. The folders can be further nested based on requirements.

1.2 Css in JS-

In huge projects, theming and styling can be challenging tasks like maintaining nig scss files. Hence, the concept of CSS-in-JS solutions comes into focus. Following libraries are based on it-

• EmotionJS
• Styled Components
• Glamorous

Among those libraries, you can use as per your requirement such as, for complicated themes, you can select styled-components or Glamorous.

2. Coding Style Best Practices-

2.1 Naming Conventions-

When you work with React, generally you are using JSX(Javascript extensions) files. A component that you create for React should be named in Pascal case, or upper camel case. This translates to names without spaces and capitalizing the first letter of every word. If you have to create a function that submits a form, you should name it SubmitForm in upper camel case, instead of SubmitForm, submit_form. Generally, Upper camel case is called the Pascal case.

For globally used Constant fields in the application, try to use only capital letters. For example, PI = “3.14”;

2.2 Avoid unnecessary DIV-

When there is a single component to be returned, no need to use <div>.

return (
   <div>
   <Button>Close</Button>
   </div>
);

Whenever there are multiple components to be returned, use in shorthand form <> as below-

Know more at- https://solaceinfotech.com/blog/react-best-practices-to-follow-in-2021/

What’s New In Angular 12?

 

Angular is Google’s TypeScript-based framework for building desktop and mobile web apps. The latest update of Angular has been launched on 12th May and is now accessible as a production release. With various improvements, the upgrade deprecates the inheritance Vie Engine assemblage and delivers a pipeline for more current Ivy technology. The new version Angular 12 draws nearer to an “Ivy all over” vision for structure. Ivy is depicted as a cutting edge gathering and delivering pipeline, offering faster AOT compilation. Current libraries using View Engine will work with Ivy applications. The angular latest versions follows similar upgrades with contributions of sticker types and better router performance. Let us see the new features in Angular 12 version. 

Know the angular best practices at- Top 10 Angular Best Practices To Follow In 2020

Features Of Angular 12-

1. Ivy Everywhere-

The View Engine has finally been deprecated in Angular 12. The angular community has been working over ongoing deliveries towards the aim to combine the Angular ecosystem on Ivy. It is called “Ivy Everywhere”. As the View Engine is deprecated, it will be eliminated in future releases also. Current libraries are using View Engine and it will in any case work with Ivy apps, yet library authors should start transition to Ivy.  

2. Deprecating Support For IE11-

Angular keeps it updated with an advancing web ecosystem. Removing the support for legacy browsers allows us to focus on giving modern solutions and better help to engineers and clients. Also, the team has included new deprecation warning message as  another Angular 12 feature- and remove support for IE11 in Angular v13.

3. Protractor: Planning For Future-

It is one of the latest features of Angular 12. The team has been working with the community to determine the eventual fate of the Protractor. Now, they are investigating the feedback shared in the RFC and figuring out the best future for Protractor. The team have decided to exclude it in new tasks and, it in new tasks, considering all alternatives with popular 3rd party solutions in the Angular CLI. Now, team is working with Cypress, WebdriverIO, and TestCafe to help angularjs development company with receiving elective solutions. More data to come as this develops.

4. Migrating From Legacy i18n Message IDs-

Legacy message-ids are delicate as issues can emerge dependent on whitespace and organizing formats and ICU expressions. To deal with this issue the Angular team is relocating away from them. New standard message-id design is more natural and tough. This configuration will reduce the superfluous translation invalidation and related retranslation cost in applications where translations don’t coordinate because of  whitespace changes. 

Since Angular version 11, new tasks are normally intended to use the new message ids and now they have the tooling to move existing tasks with existing translations.

5. Nullish Coalescing-

Nullish coalescing operator (??) helps developers to compose cleaner code in TypeScript classes for some time. Main focus of this feature is – you can bring the force of nullish coalescing to Angular templates in v12. Now, developers can use the new syntax structure to improve the complex conditionals. For instance:

{{age !== null && age !== undefined ? age : calculateAge() }}
Becomes:
{{ age ?? calculateAge() }}

6. Styling Updations-

In this new version, Components will have support for inline Saas in styles field of @Component decorator. Previously, Saas was accessible only in outside resources because of the Angular compiler. You cal allow this component in your apps by just adding “inlineStyleLanguage”: “scss” to angular.json. Otherwise it will be accessible to new tasks using SCSS. Angular CDK and Angular Material have adopted Sass’ new module framework internally. If app uses Angular CDK or Angular Material, you must ensure that you’ve changed from node-sass to the sass npm package.

Node-sass package is unmaintained and no longer stays aware of new feature addition to the Sass language. When you update your app to angular latest version, it will change to the new Sass API by refreshing app with ng update. This order will refactor any Sass @import expressions for angular CDK and Angular material code over to the new @use API, as both Angular CDK and Angular Material uncover another Sass API surface planned for use with the new @use language structure. Here’s an outline of the previously, then after the fact. Here’s an example of before and after.

Before-

@import '~@angular/material/theming;
@include mat-core();
$primary: mat-palette($mat-indigo);
$accent:  mat-palette($mat-pink);
$theme: mat-light-theme((
 color: (
 primary: $primary,
 accent: $accent
 )
));
@include angular-material-theme($theme);

AFTER

@use '~@angular/material' as mat;
@include mat.core();
$primary: mat.define-palette(palette.$indigo-palette);
$accent:  mat.define-palette(palette.$pink-palette);
$theme: mat.define-light-theme((
 color: (
 primary: $primary,
 accent: $accent
 )
));
@include mat.all-component-themes($theme);

7. Community Support-

Angular team is continuously working to improve the Angular experience for developers. With Angular 12, they have made some improvements to their documentation. Also, they have updated the angular.io contributor’s guide that will assist individuals to improve the docs. 

8. Some Other Improvements-

Core-

As a major change in Angular 12, the ng.getDirectives work for such DOM nodes would bring about an empty array back from that function. Types of APP_INITIALIZER token has been changed to more precisely mirror the types of return values that are taken care of by Angular. Previous to this, every initializer callback was composed to return any, this is now Promise<unknown> | Observable <unknown> | void. In the unlikely event that your application uses the Injector.get or TestBed.inject API to infuse the APP_INITIALIZER token, you may need to refresh the code to address the stricter type. 

Compiler CLI-

In Angular CLI, it no longer generates legacy i18n message-ids through linked libraries. For downstream apps, that provides translations for these messages, the localize-migrate command-line tool will help to migrate their message ids.

Animation-

Angular 12 features the DOM components, that are now accurately eliminated when the root view is taken out. If you’re using SSR and use app’s HTML for delivery, you will need to ensure that you save the HTML to variable before destroying the app. Also it is possible that tests could be unintentionally relying upon the old conduct by attempting to discover a component that was not taken out previously. But, if that is the case the failing tests should be updated to ensure that they have appropriate setup  code which instates components they rely upon.

Common-

Main improvements in angular 12 is that the strategies for HttpParams class currently acknowledged string | number | boolean instead of string for the value of a parameter. If you expanded this class in your app, you’ll need to update the signatures of your strategies to show these changes.

Form-

Previously ‘min’ and ‘max’ attributes characterized on the <input type=”number”> were disregarded by Forms module. Now, these characteristics would trigger min/max validation logic (if formControl, formControlName or on the other hand ngModel orders are additionally present on a given input) and comparing form control status would show that.

React vs Angular – A 2021 Comparison

 

Whenever you think about the Javascript ecosystem, react and angular will pop up immediately in your mind because of their popularity. But choosing the right javascript framework for app development is a big confusion. Angular is a javascript framework, while Reactjs is a Javascript library. Since these are fundamentally different, we need to compare them on the basis of various parameters. Before digging to the comparison, let us see the overview of React and Angular in detail.

What Is React?

It is an open-source library used to handle the view layer of application and developers prefer it to build reusable UI components. It is fast and scalable to change the data without reloading the page. Reactjs was first used on Facebook and later for Instagram news feed. 

Netflix- media streaming platform and a project by New York times are two popular usecases of React.

You should know the- 10 Best React component libraries you should know in 2020

What Is Angular?

Angular is a web framework developed and maintained by Google. It is one of the most popular web frameworks because of its two-way data binding and dependency injection, and backed by a tech giant. Angular speeds up the frontend development and is known as the standalone solution to build data-driven web apps rapidly. It supports model-view-controller that augments the functionalities of browser-based applications by reducing javascript code needed to keep the application functional and robust.

Know the amazing angular best practices at- Top 10 Angular Best Practices To Follow In 2020

React Vs Angular- A Comparison

1. Performance-

React-

Reusing components is very common among designers as it doubles the productivity and optimizes the coding practices. Reactjs is popular for its flexibility by reusing the components, for instance, starting from finest components like checkbox, button followed by moving the wrapper components and reaching the root components. Following such habits leads to consistent app performance and facilitates code quality and maintenance at any level of project complexity.

Angular- 

Angular has covered everything that optimizes the coding practices and leads to an established level of programming which improves performance. Developers should consider thing while evaluating the Angular vs React performance. For instance, optimizing the digest cycle for your proposed code structure. When you develop a codebase for modules, monitoring and optimizing the loop can verify the changes that are previously made. The projects that don’t need the facilitation of two-way data binding can be provided with older versions of Angular to reduce complexities at a noticeable extent.

Angular offers $cacheFactory that works effectively for memorization which can eventually be used to recalculate the data, that are being calculated later. PayPal is a popular payment gateway that handles more than 300 million customers and used by 200+ countries using Angular because of safety transactions. 

2. Code Quality-

React-

Reactjs has lots of things that increases its code quality and give identity different from frameworks. For example, by using DisplayName string to debug the messages will allow you to distinguish the components. Also, you can use prop-types to check in run time whether the prop type is used for objects. Code quality maintenance is easy in Reactjs due to code review practices that it allows by providing Linters. Also, it helps to generate identical coding practices among developers. Linters follow a strict set of rules that keeps the codebase consistent.

Angular-

AngularCLI improves the code quality. Integrations like Angular Core, Angular material etc. eases and maintains the code quality. AngularCLI has reduced the learning curve of Angular and allows developers to predict compilation behavior. Hence it is possible to generate smooth builds and decrease the iterating efforts of developers, that leads to bad code quality in the end. 

3. Code Maintenance-

React-

Know more at- https://solaceinfotech.com/blog/react-vs-angular-a-2021-comparison/